Marketing Plan Dutch Lady Milk Industries Essay

Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad (â€Å"DLMI†) is an innovator in the quality marked dairy business in Malaysia. It was fused in 1963, and was the primary milk organization in Malaysia to be recorded on Bursa Malaysia, the neighborhood Stock Exchange in 1968. Its holding organization is Royal FrieslandCampina, a Dutch global company and one of the biggest milk organizations on the planet. Permodalan Nasional Berhad is the second biggest investor in the Company. Corporate Vision: To spread the decency of milk to everybody. Corporate Mission: To make an incentive for our proprietors, in short and long haul, by methods for productive dairy exercises. To create, produce and market a wide scope of dependable, common and nutritious dairy items that add to prosperity and imperativeness of life. To perceive that know-how, quality, devotion and initiative of our representatives are the most vital advantages for accomplish our objectives. For ages, Dutch Lady Milk Industries head business is to flexibly quality dairy and newborn child nourishment items to the country. Today Dutch Lady positions among the best three dairy makers in Malaysia. Ages of Malaysians have experienced childhood with Dutch Lady dairy items. While Dutch Lady originally settled itself as a producer of improved consolidated milk, Dutch Lady Milk Industries’ broad item go now ranges from newborn child equation and growing up milk to natural product juice and yogurt snacks. Each item advancement that quickly creates newborn child and kid recipe extend is sponsored by broad examination both locally and globally. DLMI is the biggest buyer of nearby new milk from the Veterinary Services Department. It additionally bolsters nearby ventures by utilizing a generous measure of neighborhood fixings, for example, palm oil and sugar in its items. The nature of the Company’s items is principal. Quality Control and Quality Assurance are prime contemplations. In accordance with this, the Company has constantly been authorize with ISO 9001 confirmation since 1995. Solid accentuation is likewise positioned on sanitation with the execution of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) System to cover every one of its plants. Since it started producing in 1963, DLMI has consistently extended its activities in Malaysia. Its chilled plant is one ofâ the generally current in South East Asia. Area 2.0 BUSINESS OVERVIEW Figure 1 Total market for Chilled Business [2] Source: DLMI (2009) As appeared in Figure 1, the all out chilled (aggregate of eating yogurt, yogurt drink and refined milk) advertise is reliably developing however at a moderate rate. Subsequently, Dutch Lady is wanting to assume a job in developing this specialty advertise where most players disregard. From an ongoing report done by an outsider, customers these days are vey wellbeing cognizant and are prepared to take up whatever could help advantage their wellbeing. This is particularly useful with the females developing enthusiasm for getting thin through exercise or day by day admission of nutritious yogurt. Figure 2 Chilled Business Volume Percentage Share by Players [3] Source: ACNielsen Malaysia (2009) DLMI is at present at third situation regarding rate volume share for chilled business in contrast with M’sia Milk, the market head and Nestle at second. This is expected to DLMI’s restricted chilled product offering. M’Sia Milk, however just gives Fresh and Low Fat Milk, their hit are the 2 Liters bundle size and in this way, as far as volume and worth they are as yet the market head. Settle then again offers a more extensive chilled product offering by offering yogurt, yogurt drinks and refined milk. These are the conceivable purposes behind DLMI powerlessness to catch a bigger market size since it neither produces 2 Liter bundle size milk not does it offers refined milk as a major aspect of its chilled product offering. As of now, the market is frantic for some item energy and flavors. This could give DLMI the chance to catch the market through objective gatherings and division of the market which will be talked about later in different segments. In addition, by gathering enough data of the expected regions, DLMI could utilize the promoting blend to help support their deals and have a bigger customer base for the chilled advertise. So as to gel every one of these thoughts into potential activities, the creator might want to propose a striking move into presenting the ‘Tropicana’ flavor for all range and pack size for both yogurt and drinking yogurt. This Tropicana flavor will draw consideration and make another gathering of customers. In addition no other contender items have come out with such exciting flavor, in this manner these would speak to those whomâ are exhausted of the old customary flavors and are searching for new scope of incitement for their taste buds. Segment 3.0 TARGET MARKET Figure 3 Sales Review for Chilled Product by Chain [4] Source: BW (2009) As delineate in Figure 3, Giant chain store is the one with the most noteworthy deals esteem development for chilled business and Tesco at second spot. Henceforth, DLMI could focus on the shoppers from both these chains as the pattern that can be seen here is that customers like to buy chilled items at chain markets with distribution center idea. Monster and Tesco are regularly a grocery store that expands on buying at mass to keep the offering cost as low as conceivable to draw in purchasers that are searching for provisions at beneath normal market cost. Customers that buy at Tesco and Giant are for the most part from the center salary gathering and structure the Malay ethnic gathering as the principle followed by Chinese ethnic as appeared in Figure 4. Therefore, we could factor in these as a major aspect of the objective gathering for the new ‘Tropicana’ flavor. Figure 4 Sales Review for Chilled Product by Chain [5] Source: Dunnhumby (2009) By and by, DLMI boundary of zone is by Central (Seremban, Pahang, Klang, Kajang, Petaling Jaya); East Coast (Kota Bahru, Kuantan); North (Perak, Penang, Kedah, Perlis); South (Melaka, Batu Pahat, Johor Bahru); Sabah and Sarawak. What's more, as appeared in Figure 5, the AMS for Central is by all accounts the most encouraging region of improvement followed by South and afterward North. In this way, it is sheltered to infer that shoppers at increasingly created regions are progressively specific towards carrying on with a sound way of life. Figure 5 Average Monthly Sales of Chilled Business by Area [6] Source: BW (2009) Hence, the objective market that DLMI is taking a gander at to develop their chilled piece of the overall industry is through three distinctive objective gatherings: Middle salary bunch which visit hypermarkets or grocery stores at focal, south and north district with bushel size of about RM35 to RM40 per visit; Teenagers age 35 and underneath whom are at the dispatch of their profession and tends to emphazise thinning and regular magnificence; Adults age 35 or more whom are more wellbeing concious towards carrying on with a more drawn out sound life. Since yoghurts and yoghurtâ drinks are named comfort items as it is purchased every now and again and quickly at sensibly low cost with many purpose of deals, it is in this way viewed as a potential market which DLMI might want to sustain with the expectation that they could develop an unwavering client base as a stage for future shoppers while simultaneously instructing these buyers about the significance of eating and remaining solid . The ‘Tropicana’ flavor would have the option to oblige these gathering of wellbeing concious customers since it is wealthy in supplements from all the blend tropical organic products. Area 4.0 LONG TERM AND SHORT TERM GOALS Present moment Chilled items are extremely reliant on advancements, along these lines for the transient objective, DLMI want to effectively execute all advancements arranged during the time as portrayed in Table 2. The choices of the advancement are during bubbly seasons where buyers are bound to spend more. The creator is wanting to be an innovator utilizing these advancement plans by urging customers to buy more yogurt beverages and yogurt as a merry thing rather than only a comfort item. That is the very motivation behind why the vast majority of the advancements for the chilled items are led during happy seasons and national fairs. Table 2 Promotion Plan for Chilled Products [7] Source: DLMI (2009) Long haul In the long haul be that as it may, DLMI is planning to have the option to reinforce the position further if the underlying foundation succeed. These are the couple of long haul activities that DLMI could consider: Focus on key outlets with key SKUs; Posting of just the top flavors; Activity support from affix market to fabricate business further; Conduct cross promotion with any worth included item; Secure extra space for more noteworthy perceivability; Usage of division as per concurred planogram; Implement exchange plans to drive circulation; Mount exercises to change over contender clients; Limited time exercises to compensate steadfast clients; Instigate preliminary through giving out free example pack size. These drawn out arrangement are additionally intended to be ceaselessly led during each time to make sure about the portion of business in the chilled advertise. Segment 5.0 MARKETING STRATEGIES Figure 6 Marketing Above The Line 360â º Activation [8] Source: DLMI (2009) DLMI 360â º initiation plan is one type of showcasing technique to make brand mindfulness and preferably brand inclination among existing purchasers and conceivably new clients who will lean toward such an energizing taste. The mindfulness battle will address all types of media from internet promoting to publicizing on the rack itself to news and advertisements. Promoting DLMI will reveal a planned publicizing effort to stress the accompanying focuses: Dutch Lady yogurt is improving, with another and revamped new ‘Tropical’ flavor. DLMI could consider utilizing print and communicate promotions in ladies situated mediums half a month prior to the new acquaintance of items with illuminate individuals regarding how sound is Dutch Lady’s yogurt and changing to address their issues. Bulletins,

Armor and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors

Defensive layer and Weapons of the Spanish Conquistadors Christopher Columbus found beforehand obscure terrains in 1492, and inside 20 years the triumph of these new grounds was continuing rapidly. How were the Spanish conquistadors ready to do it? The Spanish defensive layer and weapons had a lot to do with their prosperity. The Swift Success of the Conquistadors The Spanish who came to settle the New World were by and large not ranchers and experts but rather troopers, globe-trotters, and hired soldiers searching for a brisk fortune. Local people group were assaulted and oppressed and any fortunes they may have had, for example, gold, silver or pearls were taken. Groups of Spanish conquistadors crushed local networks on Caribbean islands, for example, Cuba and Hispaniola somewhere in the range of 1494 and 1515 or so before proceeding onward to the territory. The most well known victories were those of the relentless Aztec and Inca Empires, in Central America and the Andes heaps of South America separately. The conquistadors who brought these relentless Empires down (Hernan Cortes in Mexico in 1525 and Francisco Pizarro in Peru, 1532) instructed generally little powers: Cortes had around 600 men and Pizarro at first had around 160. These little powers had the option to crush a lot bigger ones. At the Battle of Teocajas, Sebastian de Benalcazar had 200 Spanish and somewhere in the range of 3,000 Caã ±ari partners: together they battled Inca General Rumiã ±ahui and a power of approximately 50,000 warriors to a draw. Conquistador Weapons There were two sorts of Spanish conquistadors: horsemen or mounted force and troopers or infantry. The rangers would as a rule convey the day in the clashes of the triumph. At the point when the crown jewels were separated, cavalrymen got an a lot higher portion of the fortune than troopers. Some Spanish warriors would set aside and buy a pony as a kind of venture which would pay off in future successes. The Spanish horsemen for the most part had two sorts of weapons: spears and blades. Their spears were long wooden lances with iron or steel focuses on the finishes, used overwhelming everything in the vicinity on masses of local infantry. In close battle, a rider would utilize his blade. Steel Spanish blades of the triumph were around three feet in length and moderately limited, sharp on the two sides. The Spanish city of Toledo was known as probably the best spot on the planet for making arms and defensive layer and a fine Toledo blade was a significant weapon to be sure. The finely made weapons didn't pass investigation until they could twist in a half-circle and endure a full-power sway with a metal head protector. The fine Spanish steel blade was such a favorable position, that for quite a while after the success, it was illicit for locals to have one. Infantry Weapons Spanish infantry could utilize an assortment of weapons. Numerous individuals mistakenly believe that it was guns that destined the New World locals, however that is not the situation. Some Spanish warriors utilized a harquebus, a kind of early flintlock. The harquebus was obviously viable against any one adversary, yet they are delayed to load, substantial, and terminating one is a muddled procedure including the utilization of a wick which must be kept lit. The harquebuses were best for threatening local warriors, who figured the Spanish could make thunder. Like the harquebus, the crossbow was an European weapon intended to crush heavily clad knights and excessively massive and lumbering to be very useful in the victory against the softly defensively covered, snappy locals. A few officers utilized crossbows, however theyre delayed to load, break or glitch effectively and their utilization was not awfully normal, at any rate not after the underlying periods of the success. Like the rangers, Spanish infantry utilized blades. A vigorously heavily clad Spanish trooper could chop down many local foes in minutes with a fine Toledan sharp edge. Conquistador Armor Spanish protective layer, generally made in Toledo, was among the best on the planet. Encased from head to foot in a steel shell, Spanish conquistadors were everything except insusceptible when confronting local rivals. In Europe, the protected knight had commanded the war zone for quite a long time and weapons, for example, the harquebus and crossbow were explicitly intended to penetrate covering and thrashing them. The locals had no such weapons and in this manner executed not many defensively covered Spanish in fight. The cap most normally connected with the conquistadors was the morion, an overwhelming steel steerage with an articulated peak or brush on top and clearing sides that cameâ toâ points on either end. Some infantrymen favored a salade, a full-colored protective cap that looks similar to a steel ski cover. In its most essential structure, it is a shot formed steerage with an enormous T before the eyes, nose, and mouth. A cabasset protective cap was a lot less complex: it is a huge steel top that covers the head from the ears up: slick ones would have a prolonged vault like the pointy end of an almond. Most conquistadors wore a full arrangement of reinforcement which comprised of an overwhelming breastplate, arm and leg greaves, a metal skirt, and assurance for the neck and throat called a gorget. Indeed, even pieces of the body, for example, elbows and shoulders, which require development, were secured by a progression of covering plates, implying that there were not many powerless spots on a completely reinforced conquistador. A full suit of metal shield weighed around sixty pounds and the weight was all around appropriated over the body, permitting it to be worn for extensive stretches of time without causing a lot of weariness. It by and large included even defensively covered boots and gloves or gauntlets. Later in the triumph, as conquistadors understood that full suits of covering were needless excess in the New World, some of them changed to lighter chainmail, which was similarly as compelling. Some even deserted metal shield completely, wearing escuapil, a kind of cushioned calfskin or fabric reinforcement adjusted from the defensive layer worn by Aztec warriors. Enormous, overwhelming shields were notâ necessary for the triumph, albeit numerous conquistadors utilized a buckler, a little, round or oval shield generally of wood or metal secured with cowhide. Local Weapons The locals had no response for these weapons and defensive layer. At the hour of the victory, most local societies in North and South America were somewhere close to the Stone Age and the Bronze Ageâ in terms of their weaponry. Most infantry conveyed substantial clubs or maces, some with stone or bronze heads. Some had simple stone tomahawks or clubs with spikes coming out of the end. These weapons could hitter and wound Spanish conquistadors, however just once in a while did any genuine harm through the overwhelming defensive layer. Aztec warriors periodically had aâ macuahuitl, a wooden blade with barbed obsidian shards set in the sides: it was a deadly weapon, yet no counterpart for steel. The locals had some better karma with rocket weapons. In South America, a few societies created bows and bolts, in spite of the fact that they were once in a while ready to puncture shield. Different societies utilized a kind of sling to throw a stone with incredible power. Aztec warriors utilized theâ atlatl, a gadget used to fling spears or darts at extraordinary speed. Local societies wore intricate, lovely reinforcement. The Aztecs had warrior social orders, the most outstanding of which were the dreaded Eagle and Jaguar warriors. These men would dress in Jaguar skins or falcon plumes and were extremely daring warriors. The Incas wore stitched or cushioned defensive layer and utilized shields and protective caps made of wood or bronze. Local covering was commonly planned to scare as much as ensure: it was frequently brilliant and lovely. By the by, hawk quills give no insurance from a steel blade and local reinforcement was of almost no utilization in battle with conquistadors. Examination The success of the Americas demonstrates conclusively the benefit of cutting edge protection and weaponry in any contention. The Aztecs and Incas numbered in the millions, yet were vanquished by Spanish powers numbering in the hundreds. A heavilyâ armored conquistadorâ could kill many adversaries in a solitary commitment without accepting a genuine injury. Ponies were another favorable position that the locals couldn't counter. It’s off base to state that the achievement of the Spanish triumph was exclusively because of unrivaled arms and reinforcement, nonetheless. The Spanish were significantly helped by infections beforehand obscure to that piece of the world. Millions kicked the bucket of new sicknesses brought by the Spanish, for example, smallpox. There was likewise a lot of karma included. For instance, they attacked the Inca Empire during a period of extraordinary emergency, as a severe common war between siblings Huascar and Atahualpa was simply finishing when the Spanish showed up in 1532; and the Aztecs were broadly detested by their subjects. Sources Calvert, Albert Frederick. Spanish arms and reinforcement: being a verifiable and elucidating record of the Royal ordnance of Madrid. London: J. Path, 1907Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca. London: Pan Books, 2004 (unique 1970).Pohl, John. The Conquistador: 1492â€1550. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2008.

Accounting II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bookkeeping II - Essay Example Because of the exceptional worldwide rivalry factors other than cost have gotten progressively significant throughout the years. So as to hold client organizations need to give superb client assistance and great item assortment. On the off chance that a significant customer demands an altered help or item and the organization has the capacities to consent, the firm should suit the client to accomplish client maintenance. The partners of organizations care increasingly about the conduct of organizations. Corporate social duty has become a key center that is important to improve client maintenance. At end of the 1990’s Nike Corporation lost a great deal of customers because of the way that they were engaged with a sweetshop conspire regulates. Terrible exposure and unreliable acts, for example, the event at Nike 10 years prior are the sorts of episodes that can demolish the brand estimation of an endeavor. Another approach to build client maintenance is to structure items and ad ministrations that give more noteworthy incentive at a serious cost

International Business Strategy Case Coca-Cola Research - 1375 Words

International Business Strategy Case: Coca-Cola (Case Study Sample) Content: International Strategy Case: Coca-ColaNameInstitution Affiliation International Strategy Case: Coca-ColaIntroductionIn the business field, strategy enables the management to know areas where the company can thrive well and areas that will make it vulnerable and weak. In simple terms, business strategy refers to plans, decisions and choices that are used by business organizations to realize higher growth and profitability (Kourdi, 2009). Policy ought to be clear and well communicated to all stakeholders obliged in its implementation role. In this context, business strategies call for a better understanding to ensure that not all decisions and plans are labeled strategic. A well formulated and implemented business strategy will clearly show where the firm is making more profit and why. As a result, the management can understand where resources in the form of people, finance and efforts should be concentrated. This paper critically examines the case study of Coca-cola C ompany regarding business strategies pursued from the 1980s to 2000s to answer the specific questions raised by drawing a conclusion. Reasons why Coca-Cola switched from localization to global standardization strategy under CEO Roberto Goizueta and the essential benefitsIn the 1980s, the Coca-Cola brand development strategy was primarily aiming at enhancing the product availability, affordability, and acceptability (Madalina, 2010). However, as revealed in the case study, Coca-Cola market penetration was higher in the United Sates compared to the international market. Therefore, the main idea was to bring more customers from every continent in the world that will accept and makes the brand their unique product for any occasion. However, the CEO knew that pursuing a global strategy will only be affordable if the company adopted a uniform approach. The success of the standardization approach became evident after Diet Coke emerged as the most successful new soft drink since the introdu ction of Coca-Cola itself. One of the biggest advantages of standardization emphasized global strategy is its efficiency. This is achieved as the company can leverage economies of scale (Kourdi, 2009). For instance, Coca-Cola was able to use the same advertising message worldwide such as Coke Is It, Cant Beat the Feeling" among others that enabled the company penetrate the international market with ease. The capacity to sell the same product worldwide also allows the company to purchase raw materials in bulk. In this context, economies of scale enable the company to save costs related to labor, marketing, and packaging. The global strategy also plays the crucial role with regards to maintaining the product life cycle. In this context, the company can release its products. For instance, Coca-Cola was able to introduce its older products such as normal Coke in newer markets that saved the launch of Diet Coke in the United States market. The blueprint is to get lid of the old stock in the older markets by introducing it in, the newer markets. As a result, Coca-Cola was able to match competition in the new markets eventually easing penetration in the international markets.Shortcomings of Goizueta global strategy which persuaded Daft to pursue Localization emphasized strategy that also failed to materialize.As the case study reveals, Goizueta global strategy success did not last for long, which saw Coca-Cola fail to meet its financial targets in the 1990s. This forced Goizueta successor, Douglas Ivester to resign earlier. The failures of standardized emphasized global strategy encouraged investors successor, Douglas Daft, to pursue localization emphasized policy as an alternative. One of the shortcomings of a standardized approach is the macroeconomic risk. Markets have varying tastes and sensitivity to pricing may also differ (Kourdi, 2009). As a result, the companys product will appear to be more popular in one country compared to another. For instance, canned coffee drinks were more popular in the Japanese market compared to other markets. Secondly, global strategy is also prone to operational risks. Operational risks related to employee laws, common accidents, employees go-slows among others happening in the country where the company manufacturing plants are located will hurt operations in the entire market.As standardization ultimately failed, Daft opted to pursue a localization strategy as an alternative. Daft was trying to achieve preference, price value and pervasive penetration of the Coca-Cola products in the global markets. Realizing customers tastes and preference in local markets profoundly influenced customers purchasing rate. Daft wanted to tailor marketing to meet the local needs. However, his localization emphasized strategy did not yield the expected results as revealed in the case study. One of the shortcomings of localization strategy is that too much of it tends to corrupt the brand eventually leading to ballooning costs (Madalina, 2010). As a global brand, Coca-Cola required a market leadership where brand originality should be traceable which cannot be guaranteed by pursuing a pure localization strategy.Understanding the global strategy pursued by Coca-Cola under the leadership of CEO Neville Isdell. As it is revealed in the case study, the global strategy pursued by the Coca-Cola under the leadership of Neville Isdell represented a midpoint between standardization and localization strategy. The two strategies were pursued by the previous CEOs, but did not yield long lasting success. The global strategy pursued by Isdell administration had distinct features that made it appears more efficient compared to the previous approach. For instance, the marketing decisions and product development operations were coordinated at the Coca-Cola headquarters in Atlanta. However, the global strategy incorporated the needs and tastes of local markets. This is observable as key strategy features such as pric ing, product offering and advertising messages captured the preferences of the local customers (Kourdi, 2009). The fundamental reason Isadell opted to strike a balance between localization and standardization approach is to match the needs of the local customers while remaining profitable. In this context, Coca-Cola was trying to increase its penetration in the international markets without diluting its brand strength. Moreover, the company was also attempting to leverage good ideas across the globe to ensure that it realizes maximum profit from them. A notable difference between Isdell global strategy and policies pursued by his predecessors is that his strategy did not only bring a balance, but also it involved strategic alliances with the local soft drinks companies. For instance, Coca-Cola entered into a merger with Illycaffe, an Italian giant coffee maker company in 2007 (Kaushik, 2008). One of the benefits of the integration strategy pursued by Isdell administrations was th at it allowed more efficient economies of scale. Moreover, the originality of the Coca-Cola brand was maintained, ensuring market dominance. However, local customization has a longer payback duration as striking a balance between localization and standardization will always be time-consuming.Convergence of tastes and prefer...

The Advertisement Of Coca Cola Essay - 1541 Words

What is advertisement? Generally, advertisement is the activity or profession of producing information for promoting the sale of commercial products or services or ideas. Advertisement can be represented in an audio, visual or video form of marketing communication that employs an openly sponsored, non-personal message to promote. Traditionally, advertisement is communicated through different way, including old media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio and outdoor advertisement etc. In recent years, as the fast development in technology or we so-called â€Å"The new generation of necessarily with smart phone†, it is firmly believed that most of people can’t live without smart phone and tablet computer. People get the latest information from their smart phone or tablet instantly. As a result, apart from the old media, new media such as mobile advertisement YouTube (video form) is the widespread and popular way for advertisement. In this essay, I am going to a nalyze the advertisement of Coca-Cola in visual art perspective. Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink and it was created by a pharmacist named Dr. John Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia in 1886. Originally, it is intended to be a patent medicine. According to the study of inter-brand’s best global in 2015, Coca-Cola was the world s third most valuable brand. Coca-Cola’s advertising has significantly affected American culture, and it is frequently credited with inventing the modern image of Santa Claus as an old manShow MoreRelatedSample Advertisement For Coca Cola Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesPemberton, a neighborhood drug specialist, delivered the syrup for Coca-Cola, and conveyed a container of the new item down the road to Jacobs Pharmacy, where it was tested, purported amazing and set on special for five pennies a glass as a pop wellspring beverage. 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Intelligence Failure - 1042 Words

This essay will analyze the key factors that may lead the intelligence failures to occur. Through discovering various materials, I find out that the failures are commonly caused by a combination of internal and external errors. Before discussing some reasons for the error, we need to understand the nature of intelligence work. The work is an outcome of team effort, as it consist a series of human endeavours, therefore it cannot be completely accurate. In fact, the intelligence failure could cause an intelligence agency or government to carry out operations that are counterproductive and improper to its own interest. Arguably saying, the worst intelligence failure is a chain of errors that could convert a fiasco to a global crisis. The†¦show more content†¦(Wyden. P pg 104) Therefore, The Kennedy administration might have missed the best time to attack. B: The failure of atomic intelligence After the Second World War, spying on soviet atomic weapons was at the top priority for the western intelligence. However, American and British did not have any agents inside the Soviet Union, or in other cases they did not know how or where to penetrate. (ALDRICH, R J pg218 ) Based on the record, they did even know where the Russians were developing their atomic infrastructure. The assumption was that Russians might explode their first new clear bomb in 1954. Whereas, the assumption had miscalculated for 5 years, in 1949, Russian had already tested their first atomic bomb. This event shattered the whole western world, shortly after the nuclear arms race began. External Errors Lack of intelligence resources: In this case, the western intelligence had failed to surveillance the soviets atomic program. Due to they did not have the sufficient personnel to penetrate inside Russian nuclear facilities. 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Capital Punishment11 Essay Example For Students

Capital Punishment11 Essay ?The?Capital punishment is the infliction of the death penalty on personsconvicted of a crime.?This has been a topic of debate for many years. ?Why do we kill people to prove killing people is wrongThe 1st argument I have against capital punishment is that it?sunconstitutional. Every person has an equal right to ?life, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness.? This is a quote from American Civil Liberty UnionNational Office, ?Capital punishment is a barbaric remnant of an uncivilizedsociety. It is immoral in principle, and unfair and discriminatory in practice.? Does the government have the right to kill? Maybe in self defense, like apoliceman firing on a armed and dangerous criminal. Suppose we apply thesame standards to the government that we have for civilians. A civilian hasthe right to shoot at an intruder as he is entering his home but if the civiliancatches the intruder and has him under his control, the shooting him wouldbe considered murder. That?s what capital punishment issim ple murder. Against: I agree that capital punishment is a relic of barbarism but as murderitself is barbaric, death is a fitting punishment for it. It goes along with the?eye for an eye? principle. For example, someone steals $10 from you andthen the person who stole your money has the same thing happen to them? Doesn?t that satisfy you? Many feel the same about murders who aresentence to die. The criminal has brought the punishment upon himself, theyThe 8th amendment of the us constitution, condemn gruel and unusualpunishment is used to protest capital punishment. For::When the constitution was drafted, capital punishment waspracticed widely in this country, yet it was not specified as wrong or as crueland unusual. John Locke went as far to say that murder is not intrinsicallywrong. How can the constitution be brought into this argument, since itmakes no mention of capital punishment?The methods by which executions are carried out can involve physicaltorture. ?Electrocution has on occasion caused extensive burns and neededmore than one application of electric current to kill the condemned. It oftentakes 10 minutes or more to die in the electric chair. It is also torture to keepsomeone locked up when they know they are waiting to be killed. Officials often defend this and say it?s not cruel and unusual, but how canthey defend this opinion in the case of John Evans who was executed byelectrocution in 1983? According to witnesses at the scene Mr. Evans wasgiven three charges of electrocution over a period of fourteen minutes. Afterthe first and s econd charges Mr. Evans was still conscious and smoke wascoming from oall over his body as a result of his flesh burning. An officialthere even tried to stop the execution on account of it being cruel and unusualpunishment, but was unsuccessful. Witnesses later called th whole incident aThe death penalty costs more than life in prison. It costs 5 to 6 times morethan lifetime imprisonment, according to studies in a number of states. Mostcosts occur at trial level. Indiana, with smaller death row than Virginia?sestimates it could save $5 million per year by abolishing capital punishment. Murder rates are lower in states that have abolished the death penalty. TheSupreme court, United Nations, and numerous independent studies haveconcluded that the death penalty has no effect on the crime rate, on averagethe murder rate in U. S. which execute is almost double the rate in states?In case of a mistake, the executed prisoner cannot be given another chance. Justice can miscarry. In the last hundred years there have been more than 75documented cases of wrongful conviction of criminal homicide. The deathsentence was carried out in eight of these cases? Undoubtedly many othercases of mistaken conviction and execution occurred and remainundocumented. A prisoner discovered to be blameless can be freed; butneither releases nor compensation is possible for a corpse. .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 , .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 .postImageUrl , .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 , .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0:hover , .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0:visited , .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0:active { border:0!important; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0:active , .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0 .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e4ab754fd702990d9e3bb3a3fa22fd0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The young man trying to figure out the opposite se EssayContrary to popular belief, the death penalty does not act as a deterrent tocrime. ?Expert after expert and study after study have emphasized andemphasized the lack of correction between the threat of the death penalty andthe occurrence of violent crime? Ehrlich?s study on the deterrent effect ofcapital punishment in America reveals this. It spans twenty-five years, andshow that in the first year the study was conducted there were 8,060 murdersin 1957 and

Joseph Conrad Essays - Joseph Conrad, Congo Free State,

Joseph Conrad In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, there is a great interpretation of the feelings of the characters and uncertainties of the Congo. Although Africa, nor the Congo are ever really referred to, the Thames river is mentioned as support. This intricate story reveals much symbolism due to Conrad's theme based on the lies and good and evil, which interact together in every man. Today, of course, the situation has changed. Most literate people know that by probing into the heart of the jungle Conrad was trying to convey an impression about the heart of man, and his tale is universally read as one of the first symbolic masterpieces of English prose (Graver,28). In any event, this story recognizes primarily on Marlow, its narrator, not about Kurtz or the brutality of Belgian officials. Conrad wrote a brief statement of how he felt the reader should interpret this work: "My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel-it is above all, to make you see.(Conrad 1897) Knowing that Conrad was a novelist who lived in his work, writing about the experiences were as if he were writing about himself. "Every novel contains an element of autobiography-and this can hardly be denied, since the creator can only explain himself in his creations."(Kimbrough,158) The story is written as seen through Marlow's eyes. Marlow is a follower of the sea. His voyage up the Congo is his first experience in freshwater navigation. He is used as a tool, so to speak, in order for Conrad to enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind. He longs to see Kurtz, in the hope's of appreciating all that Kurtz finds endearing in the African jungle. Marlow does not get the opportunity to see Kurtz until he is so disease-stricken he looks more like death than a person. There are no good looks or health. In the story Marlow remarks that Kurtz resembles "an animated image of death carved out of old ivory." Like Marlow, Kurtz is seen as an honorable man to many admirers; but he is also a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and above all he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. Both men had good intentions to seek, yet Kurtz seemed a "universally genius" lacking basic integrity or a sense of responsibility (Roberts,43). In the end they form one symbolic unity. Marlow and Kurtz are the light and dark selves of a single person. Meaning each one is what the other might have been. Every person Marlow meets on his venture contributes something to the plot as well as the overall symbolism of the story. Kurtz is the violent devil Marlow describes at the story's beginning. It was his ability to control men through fear and adoration that led Marlow to signify this. Throughout the story Conrad builds an unhealthy darkness that never allows the reader to forget the focus of the story. At every turn he sees evil lurking within the land. Every image reflects a dreary, blank one. The deadly Congo snakes to link itself with the sea and all other rivers of darkness and light, with the tributaries and source of man's being on earth (Dean,189). The setting of these adventurous and moral quests is the great jungle, in which most of the story takes place. As a symbol the forest encloses all, and in the heart of the African journey Marlow enters the dark cavern of his won heart. It even becomes an image of a vast catacomb of evil, in which Kurtz dies, but from which Marlow emerges spiritually reborn. The manager, in charge of three stations in the jungle, feels Kurtz poses a threat to his own position. Marlow sees how the manager is deliberately trying to delay any help or supplies to Kurtz. He hopes he will die of neglect. This is where the inciting moment of the story lies. Should the company in Belgium find out the truth a bout Kurtz's success in an ivory procurer, they would undoubtedly elevate him to the position of manager. The manager's insidious and pretending nature opposes all truth (Roberts,42). This story

Storm Hurricane and the help of the NOAA essays

Storm Hurricane and the help of the NOAA essays STORMS HURRICANES AND THE HELP OF THE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION (NOAA) RESEARCH DIVSION My original viewing of the movie A Perfect Storm was for the dramatic entertainment, all the information about the storm was of little or no interest. Now that my knowledge of the world includes some understanding of the ocean and the role it plays, I have more appreciation for the film and the complexity of a hurricane. A storm is no longer just a mixture of strong wind and rain and the ocean serves far greater purposes than fishing and picnicking. 71% of the planet is water and contains four major oceans (Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Artic); these oceans play an important part in Earths weather, atmospheric conditions, take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and are studied for better forecasting. What is a storm? According to the textbook, storms are atmospheric disturbances characterized by strong winds, precipitation, and often thunder and lighting and are caused by the seasonal change of pressure systems over continents. Storms are classified by their wind speed. Winds less than 38 miles per hour are tropical depression, winds less than 74 miles per hour are tropical storms, winds greater than 74 miles per hour are tropical cyclone hurricanes. It take three main conditions for a hurricane to form (warm ocean water - provides water vapor to the atmosphere, warm moist air - latent heat fuel and the carioles effect - causes hurricane to spin counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. Storms are form when ocean water gets warm and it starts to evaporate and become water vapor or clouds of warm wet air that move upward. As the warm clouds moves up, it is replaced by hot air rushing in from all sides. In the middle of the rising air a column of sinking air forms, wind begins to swirl, a storm is formed, with a center that is called the eye. ...

Chapters' summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chapters' summaries - Essay Example Mixed language tools can deliver the desired results and also cause hurt that will take time to heal. The leader has to deal with these standard tools with caution. The intentions of the leader may be right; but it needs to be told at the right time. One important point incidentally. The listeners mostly have estimate of the merit of the personality conveying the message to them. For example, a politician speaking on the subject of the current state of the economy may not command the same respect with the audience as compared to a reputed management consultant’s views on the subject. The audience has a pre-conceived notion that the former is playing to the gallery and he may state quite the opposite, in front of another audience. The combination of the language tools employed by the leader may produce tangible effects on some; with others it may be quite contradictory. This is the limitations with the mixed messages; they may outweigh the advantages they score. The audience is intelligent enough to understand whether the leader’s message comes out of his convictions or he is trying to outsmart the audience with clever use of the mixed messages and he is doing it quite deliberately. Blessed are those who have perfected the art of gifted communication. To an extent this ability is inborn but there is much scope for cultivating this quality. One needs to do framing in advance for the possible situations of interactions during the course of the day. A verbatim account of such dealing is impossibility as new situations crop up and new solutions will have to be found. If one has the spontaneous answer for an expected question it is perfect; but if one has the appropriate answer for the unexpected question, that leader is a genius. For example a cashier at the bank, may have some routine questions from the customer, like, ‘At

Beneifts of Early Intervention Systems for Police Officers Essay

Beneifts of Early Intervention Systems for Police Officers - Essay Example Police officials who have been working with the EIS for many years indicate that this type of intervention practices have a positive effect on officer performance. Principles for promoting police integrity, a report published by the US Department of Justice in 2001, says that EI systems are one of the best practices to promote police officers’ accountability; and the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement also recommends the practice of EI systems to meet the institution’s values and mission statement. When there is an effective EI system in operation, police officers are less likely to engage in corrupt practices due to the fear of disciplinary actions. Furthermore, since EI system continuously monitors police officers’ practices, officers may be motivated to improve their performance standards. One of the major benefits of EIS is that they control misconducts in police departments and thereby keep the dignity of police officers. Studies found that thou gh only a small percent of officers are corrupt, they destroy the reputation of the whole police department. Hence, EI systems are the best mechanism to attain people’s confidence in policing. ... In addition to police managers’ monitoring activities, a well designed EI system receives complaints from common people. Since police officers interact more with local people in their day to day dealings, the citizen complaint system would be more effective to identify the corrupt policing practices. According to the US Department of Justice, the EI system is a potential mechanism to identify racial discrimination practices of police officers in traffic stops. â€Å"EI systems are consistent with the goals of Community Policing and can help improve police-community relation problems† (Walker, 2003). In other words, this mechanism has the ability to build strong policy-community relations, which in turn will reduce crime rates in the community. Studies reflect that since EI systems make police officers responsible for their actions, these systems can improve police integrity as well. According to a study conducted by the National Institute of Injustice, the three EI syst ems including Miami-Dade, Minneapolis, and New Orleans are found effective in reducing the use of force incidents and people complaints. To illustrate, the average rate of citizen complaints in Minneapolis declined by 67 percent after the introduction of the EI system (as cited in OPI research paper). As Walker (2003) opines, the MI systems not only prevent corrupt policing practices but also improve the behavior of subject officers. Another major advantage of EI systems is that they have the potential to distinguish top performing police officers from underperforming officers and problem making officers. Hence, the system can be used for the purpose of police officer promotions or provision of remedial assistance for officers

Assessments in a care environment Essay Example for Free

Assessments in a care environment Essay Although there are many hazards that could be potential risks in the food environment in a hospital, there are a few which have the highest risk of  occurring and could then cause the most harm to both the service users and service providers. Whilst preparing and cutting vegetables, there is a risk that someone could cut themselves with a sharp knife or cutting equipment. Although the likelihood of this happening could be quite high when there is a lack of training involved, the severity of the injury or damage to health would be quite low considering many injuries that occur this way would be easily seen to and treated by the first aider or the person in charge. However, to prevent this risk occurring at all, all staff should be supplied with the appropriate equipment they should use and training so they are aware of how to handle the equipment in the right manor. A low level of sanitation in a food environment could cause there to be a wider and much quicker spread of bacteria through the food and surfaces which could prove to be harmful, especially in a hospital environment. Due to health and safety regulations being followed by all caring establishments, the likelihood of this happening would be a 2. However if there weren’t regulations being followed by the hospital and this was to occur then the severity could potentially be a 4/5 as the spread of bacteria in a hospital setting would be made worse when considering the weaker people in the hospital and those whose immune systems wouldn’t be able to fight off bad bacteria as well as other and could get sick or their condition could worsen if they already are sick. To prevent this all supervisors should ensure legislations, policies and procedures are being followed at all times to ensure maximum sanitation and cleanliness. Due to the wide variety of people consuming the food in the hospital, it would be vital to take into consideration allergies some people may have and to ensure they are not given food that contains or has been made in the same area as the food they are allergic to. Although the likelihood of this happening is just a 3 due to the fact all staff should adhere to procedures and take into consideration peoples allergies anyway, the severity of this if it occurs could be a 4/5 due to the fact allergic reactions could potentially severe and some cases could even lead to death. To ensure all precautions are taken with these activities and to minimise the risks which could occur from the hazards there are many things that can be done or put into place and thus prevent patients, staff or visitors from  harm. Firstly, to prevent somebody cutting themselves while they are preparing food they should be given training before hand to ensure they are aware of how to use the equipment appropriately and make sure they know which piece of equipment is the most appropriate for the type of food they are preparing. Under the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) policy it states that all employers have duties concerning the provisions and use of PPE at work and should provide safety training to ensure no members of staff come to any harm (hse.gov.uk, 2015). To prevent the spread of bacteria and ensure the safety of everyone who is to consume the food available, all staff should also be given training on the appropriate ways and places to store food at the right temperatures to ensure the risk of bacteria growth is minimised. Managers of businesses or areas dealing with food have a duty to ensure all food is safe to eat, all harmful or out of date food is removed and unable to be consumed and records should be kept of where the food was bought from to provide evidence if needed. This emphasises the importance of how the Food safety act 1990 should be put into place to ensure the employers and employees stick to their duties to ensure maximum safety for service users. Also hand sanitiser should be provided and available around the hospital including the kitchen to prevent cross contamination that way (legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Finally, to ensure the safety of patients and minimise the risk of something fatal happening to them, all allergies they have to foods should be recorded down and available to all kitchen staff who will be preparing food. These records should be checked regularly and all food should be prepared on separate work surfaces or chopping boards to reduce the risk of cross contamination and any allergic reactions occurring. Physical exercise class Although many form of exercise and physical movement for many patients would be greatly beneficial to their health and wellbeing, it could also prove to provide more harm to health than good if precautions are not taken. Spilt water on the floor where someone may be exercising could prove to be harmful and cause damage to their health if it isn’t seen and cleaned up by someone. Although there is just a likelihood of just 2, the severity could potentially be 3 as an injury to someone in a hospital who could be elderly  could be fatal and cause serious damage to their weak bones and skin. To minimise to risk you could put control measures into place including not allowing any food or drink to be consumed in the exercise area and to have a separate room for them to be stored. Too much exercise for some patients could over work them and cause an injury to their health if it is repeated. Exercise can cause a vast increase in both heart rate and blood pressure and could lead to ma ny serious problems if an elderly patient is doing too much. The likelihood of this causing harm to patients is 1 as both patients and staff should be aware of when too much exercise is being done and if they’re working too hard. However, if this was to occur, the severity would be 5 as weaker elderly patients could suffer from a heart attack or stroke over time if they aren’t being monitored on what exercise they’re doing and the effect it is having on their health. To control this all service providers involved in the physical activities and wellbeing of the patients should know and keep records of any conditions the patients may have which could lead to adverse effects or weaken them. All patient files should have records of what exercise patients have done to ensure they do enough to stay health but not too much that they cause themselves harm or injury. There should also be multiple members of staff observing exercise sessions to keep an eye on those more likely to over work themselves. If patients are showed how to warm up and down properly then they could injure themselves more then what they would if they warmed up. Also, if the exercise is too harsh and causes patients to have to put a lot of effort in just to complete tasks then the severity should be decreased to allow them better health. This would also help prevent a majority of excess aches and pains that would come from treating their body too harshly. Because of possible high severity of an incident is water was spilt during an exercise class, precautions should be put into place to minimise this risk and decrease the likelihood of it ever happening and injuring a patient. If drinks are restricted to one particular area or room away from where the exercise is taking place then there would be a decrease in the risk of anything being spilt in certain areas. Also if patients doing the exercise were given regular breaks to have a drink and a rest they would prevent spillages as well as prevent any pains occurring by doing too much exercise.  Secondly, the amount of exercise each individual patient is able to do would be subjective on the individual and therefore not all the patients should be forced into doing as much as others may do if they are less capable. Each patients amount of exercise should be monitored and recorded to ensure they get the right amount but are not getting too much. Also by monitoring them it would be easier to identify if any of the patients are struggling with any of the exercise methods or are in too much pain to carry on. This also applies to the third point made. The patients shouldn’t be doing exercise which is too harsh for them to carry out or if they don’t completely understand what they are doing because they could do it wrong and injure themselves severely. By allowing them to warm up and down before and after they carry out exercises and by showing them how to carry it out appropriately would lower the risk of injury and allow them to enjoy it instead of being in pain. Visiting Times Visiting hours are the busiest times in a hospital and so could potentially have many hazards involved in allowing people in and out of the hospital without appropriate precautions taken. Poor sanitation from new visitors could potentially be a big problem in a hospital as bacteria will be being bought into the wards and could enhance the spread of infections or diseases. Due to the fact a hospital has a wide variety of patients including elderly and those who have recently had surgery (meaning they may also have open wounds) the spread of bacteria could be hazardous to their health and the healing process of their injuries/wounds. The Likelihood of this happening would be 2 which is significantly low considering the change of law in 1995 which ‘provided specific recommendations to promote improved hand-hygiene practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and personnel in health-care settings’ (Cdn.gov,2014). However the severity of a lack of sanitation would potentially be a 4/5 as the spread of bacteria and therefore infections and diseases could be harmful to people’s health and if unable to fight it off, it could possibly even shut down some peoples immune systems. To minimise the risks of this there should be hand sanitizer and hand was stations placed all around the hospital with signs so the visitors remember to clean their hands and kill off unwanted  bacteria. Security is a vital party of a hospital to ensure the safety of everyone in the building. Without a high level of security around the hospital anyone would have access into and out of the building that may not be authorised. This could mean unwanted visitors may come in and read documents they are unauthorised to, or even confused elderly patients may get out without realising it and end up injuring themselves outside without anyone there to help. This hazard would have a likelihood of 1 and a severity of a potential 4/5 because, although it is very unlikely to happen in a hospital, if a patient were to get out they could get themselves into all sorts of trouble and not realise the danger of traffic outside causing fatal injuries or maybe even death. CCTV should be in place to monitor people in the hospital and all wards should be locked so only authorised people are able to enter and exit. Damage to property could occur during visiting hours as the hospital will be crowded with a variety of people, patients and staff which could cause some things to be damaged or broken, especially when there are a large number of visitors at one time. Although this would not directly affect the health of service users or service providers, it is a hazard to the hospital and would cost a lot of money in repairs each year if there are no control measures in place. CCTV would help monitor any damage that would occur and the person behind the damage; however there should also be signs around the hospital reminding visitors to stay orderly and respectful at all times on the wards and around the building. Due to the fact that so many different people will be entering and leaving the hospital, they could be carrying many different types of bacteria into the hospital which could cause a higher risk of the spread of infection. By providing hand sanitiser and making it widely available around the hospital and wards, all visitors and people who enter the hospital will be able to reduce the amount of bacteria they are bringing in and reduce the risk of infection. There is a hand hygiene policy which should be put into place in the hospital to ensure the safety of patients and visitors. It is well known that hand hygiene is one of the most important factors in preventing the spread of infection and the unwashed hands of all healthcare professionals and visitors is the most important route of cross-infection in the  healthcare environment (Ayliffe at al, 2000). Secondly, there should be an appropriate amount of security in and around the hospital to ensure only authorised people are getting in and out of the building. CCTV cameras should be working and placed all around the building and there should be security systems put in places at all of the entrances and exits to ensure the risk of unwanted visitors or patients getting out is minimised. This would also lower the risk of any property being damaged and if it does occur it would allow the staff to look back over the footage and identify who was at fault for any damages that occur. Although the likelihood of these occurring is predictably low, it would decrease the severity of incidents which occur as it would allow people to be identified and things could be managed before they get out of hand. Dispensing of medicines Prescribing and dispensing medicine is a vital role in hospitals to ensure all patients get the medication they need to help them recover, however there could be many possible hazards involved with dispensing medicines that could cause harm to patients and their health. Prescribing patients with the wrong dosage of medication is a possible hazard as it could lead to the patient having an overdose or having serious health problems afterwards. Although the likelihood is low the severity if this does occur is high as the health effects would be very negative and put patients health into a decline. To prevent this all patients records should be checked beforehand to ensure they are being prescribed the right amount, also the medication should be double checked before being handed to the patient to ensure no mistakes have been made. If medication is left on the side it could be consumed by someone who doesn’t need it, by a visitor not knowing what it is or even by a child who mista kes them for sweets. This could cause great harm as someone who takes them could overdose and it would have negative effects on their health if taken in large quantities, especially to a child. All medication should be locked away in a cupboard or be handled/observed by a nurse or doctor at all times to ensure no one can take them when they don’t need to or accidently. Needles could be a hazard in a hospital if not used correctly or if a nurse slips while holding one. If found left lying around someone could use one and pierce their skin injecting themselves with  something they don’t know about, or even risking infection by finding a dirty needle and using that. Also if a nurse slips whilst holding on they could injure themselves or the patient by accidently stabbing the skin. This isn’t very likely to happen as all nurses should be provided the appropriate training on how to handle needles and dangerous equipment so they don’t make a mistake. Also, all needles should be di sposed of immediately after use so they cannot be used again and cause cross-contamination. The severity for all hazards which could occur for dispensing medicines are all high and so to reduce the risk of anything serious happening or anyone being injured, policies and procedures must be put into place to ensure people’s safety in the hospital. All patient records must be checked before they are prescribed with a medicine to ensure they are provided with the right type of medicine and the right dosage. If this is done wrong it could potentially eventually lead to death for an unfortunate patient and so the dispensing of medicines policy should be put into place. The policy states that all medication should be stored, administered and disposed of appropriately to ensure minimum harm and training must be given to staff to make sure they understand how vital and critical their role could be (oxfordshireccg.nhs, 2013). All medication must be locked away and not left lying around the hospital to ensure only the appropriate staff members who have had training are able to access it and no children or vulnerable people are able to pick it up off the side and take medication which could make them sick. Finally, it is evident that needles are dangerous pieces of equipment if mishandled or in the wrong hands and so the dispensing of medicines policy should be ensured and put into place because of this fact also. All used and unwanted needles should be disposed of immediately instead of being left lying around and all staff should have training before they start in their role to ensure they know how to handle a needle and to make sure they don’t injure themselves or anyone else with one (goshospital, 2015). Moving patients between wards Naturally there would be many risks involved with carrying out this activity as there are a lot of precautions that would needed to be adhered to to make  it successful. There could also be many complications to consider if you were moving an elderly, weak or disorientated patient. The likelihood of any of the hazards occurring is low due to training the staff have and regulations they follow to ensure safety. Using the appropriate equipment is vital when moving a patient between wards as it would assist to lift and transport the patient without causing any harm to the health of either the patient or the member of staff. If a nurse is moving a patient on their own without a hoist or any help, they could injure their back by not lifting properly or injure the patient if they’re lifted in the wrong way. According to the manual handling regulations 1992 all staff should be provided with PPE and training on how to carry out tasks like these to avoid injuries or harm. The likelihood of any harm occurring is low if the regulation is followed however the severity could be 3 as the damage it could cause may need special attention. Dropping patients would be a risk if they are heavy or awkward to lift between one place to another. The severity of this if it happens would be quite high depending on the state of the patient, especially if the patient being moved is elderly or fragile, they could easily break a bone or more damage would be caused if they are dropped. Busy corridors during visiting hours could cause complications when moving a patient as it would make it a lot harder. If some of the corridors or lifts are busy you would not be able to move the patient as quickly and efficiently as liked/needed. Also, if there are people milling about the corridors it would be easier for the patient to be knocked over or injured by accident. The severity of something happening while a patient is being moved between the hospital is on average 2.5 which could be severe in the wrong situations and so staff must be provided with the right equipment and training to prevent the risk of injury or the likelihood of anything happening. Under the personal protective equipment policy it states that all staff members should be provided with the correct equipment to carry out tasks to prevent injury to themselves and the other person involved (hse.gov.uk, 2015). This could include someone like a hoist to prevent injury to the staff members back and to ensure that the patient is being lifted properly. Although dropping a patient has a low likelihood and may not happen easily, if it  does it could be severely fatal to the patient and cause them a lot of injuries. The risk of this happening would also be minimised if the correct equipment was provided to ensure the staff member doesn’t assert strain on their back/ body and it ensure that there is enough power to lift the patient, especially if the member of staff isn’t very strong. Finally to make it easier to move patients it should be done when the hospital isn’t busy so there are no visitors mulling around and getting in the way. References Hse.gov.uk, (2015). Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). [online] Available at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/ppe.htm [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015]. Gov.uk, (2015). Food safety your responsibilities GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/food-safety-your-responsibilities/food-safety [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015]. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015). Food Safety Act 1990. [online] Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/16/contents [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015]. Hospital, G. (2015). Sharps: disposal of used sharps Clinical guidelines Health professionals Great Ormond Street Hospital. [online] Gosh.nhs.uk. Available at: http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/health-professionals/clinical-guidelines/sharps-disposal-of-used-sharps/ [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015].

Boating Fun :: essays research papers

Boating fun beached by regulations, letter,June 26. The author of this letter asks, "Remember when boating was fun?" I would like to offer some insight to the person who wonders why he can no longer speed around our waters with reckless abandon. There are many reasons to monitor "boating fun." The ecological reasons are numerous; irresponsible operation of motorized watercraft degrades our natural systems. For example, reckless boaters destroy seagrass beds, oyster beds and mangroves, which are vital nursery and feeding grounds for not only fish and birds, but are also essential to the existence of manatees, dolphins and sea turtles. Mangroves are not only important to wildlife, but also to people. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection Web site says that unnecessary boat wakes are harmful to the mangroves and oyster beds that stabilize our shorelines and prevent erosion. Mangroves also filter and prevent pollution from entering our waterways. Ironically, wave action produced by boating "fun" may eventually erode and diminish the letter writer's own waterfront property and may call for additional spending on seawall maintenance! Lastly, if you are still wondering why authorities are trying to "take the fun out of boating," here are a few interesting facts from the 2004 Florida Boating Accident Statistical Report from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission: In 2004, the state of Florida registered a record-breaking 982,907 vessels. Consequently, boating fatalities increased by 6 percent over the previous year, with a reported 68 fatalities. Pinellas County reported the highest number of boating accident fatalities at seven deaths. Rental personal watercraft were involved in 43 percent of personal watercraft accidents statewide (but the author wonders why authorities pay close attention to these rented vessels). Finally, according to the report, "41 percent of reported accidents were primarily caused by either carelessness/inattention or violation of a navigation rule.

Intellectual Capital

The competitive market and the rapid changes that occur almost dally require organization to stay abreast with learning and adaptation. The need to get the right personnel whether through recruiting or training is crucial in attaining the goals of an organization. The quest to assemble the necessary expertise needed in the various parts of the organization has become a daily strive for managers because of the demands of the consumer.According to Duncan (1 979), there are internal environmental components that need to be satisfied depending on a particular tutorial specification so as the output will conform to the necessary expectations. The composition of an organization remains critical to the realization of goals and achieving the expectations of stakeholders. In sustaining competitive advantage, the need to identify, enhance, and distribute the core competencies or the knowledge of an organization is critical (Passer & Rene, 2011).The knowledge or expertise needed to run an organ ization should be made available whether internally or by acquiring outside help. Internally, coaching, training and consistent supervision can transfer Information from one person to the next and that must be made as part of the business culture. The knowledge one attains through years of experience on the Job can be said to be invaluable, Xx (2013) shares that, human beings are endowed with different qualities and as such particular attention have to be paid to human resource especially in this knowledge-based economy.It is therefore imperative for organizations to develop mechanisms that will retain employees with knowledge that is Inherent. The knowledge and the skills of an individual or the collective brainpower f workers In an organization combined with the ability of the firm to create, collect, coordinate, retrieve, leverage, and collaborate forms the basis of Intellectual capital (Guppy & Sporadic, 2013). There can be diverse array of skills, expertise and knowledge across a given organization due to the differences in the type of work one is assigned to or the department an employee belongs.Employees have to meet set job requirements in order to be hired in the first place, however, the adjustments and adaptation of each person Is different and with time the level of knowledge fifers based on one's ablest. Definition of Intellectual Capital According to Stewart (1997), there are three forms of intellectual capital; the human capital comprises of skills, competencies, and abilities of individuals and groups.This type of capital relates directly with a person's knowledge or talent whether acquired on the Job or technical expertise from special training. The human capital therefore Is Inherent and organizations may not be able to claim ownership. An example of human capital is interpersonal skills, this may be listed as a core competence of a reticular position, but the degree of how each person exhibits may differ and as such there will be employees c onsidered as star performers when it comes to that.Transferring such capital is a task on its own sense it takes the consent as well as the ability to communicate effectively by the individual. Whereas human capital deals the company such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks, processes, methodologies, models, documents, computer networks and software (Steward, 1997). This can be said to be tangible knowledge and the organization can rely in the execution of their strategic plans. Customer capital deals with the value an organizations put on relationships with suppliers, allies, and customers (Steward, 1997).The image and reputation of organizations can be measured using relationships it has built over the years and the premium it places on customer service. Role In assessing intellectual capital, there is no one size fits all because organizations vary in their emphasis due to their past, the market, and their strategy to achieve their goals. The dynamics of the global economy wit h the rapid changes and advancement of technology makes intellectual capital an important factor for the success of an organization.Employing the different parts of an intellectual capital as a key system in an organization can function as the precursor to dealing with external changes that may impact the business. As stated above, the three parts of intellectual capital when managed can helped with issues from, employee training and that is utilizing the human component, building a strong culture through structural adherence and managing customer base and achieving the goals of the organization with the attendant profitability.Daisies (2013) in defining intellectual UAPITA stated that, organizations use the attributes of the intellectual capital as a resource to secure competitive advantage, and create Focusing on the intellectual capital of an organization can enhance the development of a competent workforce which has the capacity for action and creativity. So internally, this giv es the organization the area to invest more in terms of promotion or getting it to desired levels. Externally, the management of intellectual capital conforms to changes in market and the public perception of the image of organization (Daisies, 2013).There s therefore a significant value that can be assessed for an organization's intellectual capital which will correlate to the position and how investors make decision about the organization. The ability to have a quantitative value to intellectual capital as an asset drives the competitive advantage in the market place. Value Even though the term has been there for decades (since the sass's), the competitive global market brought about by the changes of the economic indicators from an agrarian to a knowledge or information based economy has made intellectual capital more relevant now than ever.According to Guppy and Sporadic (2013), the idea that the knowledge repository of an organization is the driving force behind its ability to survive, grow, and sustain its competitive advantage in the global marketplace has a long rich history. However, intellectual capital is now seen as key area where creativity, innovations are borne to sustain the competitiveness of the organization. Learning Organization The strategy of an organization to achieve its mission and goals depends on several factors.The direction of an organization to remain competitive given the market may all for an aspect of knowledge management that is intellectual capital. The use of intellectual implies the deployment of human resources, information technology, business strategy and employees participation in order to transfer the imperative experiences across the company (Be]inurn & larches, 2011). The onus is on recognize with distinct roles for such transfer to happen. The responsibility of facilitating this information sharing can be Herculean since it needs the buy in of the said individual and also the capability to teach others.Conclusion Th e dynamism of today's world such as high customer expectations, calls for organizations to stay abreast with changes in technology and evolution of new competitive ideas, with a workforce that has the skills and knowledge to adapt these changes. This concept of intellectual capital which promotes creativity and innovation is attractive to modern day organizations because of the value it brings in comparison to the competition. The saying that knowledge is power is indeed manifested with various mechanisms been put in place by organizations to enrich heir workforce to stay ahead of the game. Intellectual Capital The end of the 20th entry Is associated with the birth off new outlook on nature and science, that brings people a little closer to nature, a science that makes human intelligence and creatively an expression of a fundamental trend In the universe. Taking Into account this new perspective on the economy and on the society that Is based on knowledge, professor Quash from London School of Economics says that we live in a world that focuses on the economic value of intangible assets. This way, ideas worth billions, while the products still cost less.The society of the third millennium has employees who are valuable because of theirs knowledge. I n many of these companies, the value does not consist of tangible assets, but of the intangible ones. Intellectual capital is the combined intangible assets which enable the company to function effectively Judging from the information already provided, the essay focuses on the role of intellectual capital in the new economy. I chose this topic b ecause we are witnesses to the fact that the structure and dynamic processes of wealth generation are changing dramatically.In such an environment traditional methods are Inadequate, therefore I think that It Is Interesting but at the name time vital to find new methods. Not least what Is Important from my point of view is that people are regarded as the main resource in all sectors, which means 2. Definition of intellectual capital Since organizational knowledge is at the crux of sustainable competitive advantage, the burgeoning field of intellectual capital is an exciting area for both researchers and practitioners.Intellectual capital is conceptualized from numerous disciplines making the field a mosaic of perspectives. Accountants are interested in how to measure it on the balance sheet, information technologists want to codify it n systems, sociologists want to balance power with it, psychologists want to develop minds because of it, human resource managers want to calculate an ROI on it, and training and development officers want to make sure that they can build it .Intellectual capital is knowledge that can be exploited for some money-making or other useful purpose. The term combines the idea of the intellect or brain-power with the economic concept of capital, the saving of entitled benefits so that they can be invested in producing more goods and services.Intellectual capital can include he skills and knowledge that a company has developed about how to make its goods or services; individual employees or groups of employees whose knowledge is deemed critical to a company's continued success; and its aggregation of documents about processes, customers, research results, and other information that might have value for a competitor that is not common knowledge Some people mistake intellectual capital for nerds in a think-tank.Others confuse it with intellectual property (such as copyrights, patents and the like), which is actually merely a subset of intel lectual capital. To get a better sense of where the companies are heading to, we need to have a basic understanding of where they started and what forces are propelling change today. And then we need to keep our vision set on the path ahead. Although it has been around forever, intellectual capital was not identified as a key asset until a few years ago.In 1994, fortune carried several stories about intellectual capital (brainpower) based on pioneering efforts going on then in both the United States and Scandinavia. These articles helped generate awareness of intellectual capital in the mainstream of U. S. Business. Little by little several companies become interested on this topic and from all of them the representative is Canadians – the largest insurance company in Sweden – which, with the help of the first director of intellectual capital in the world, Life Dividends, developed a dynamic model and holistic reporting intellectual capital called Navigator.Under this model, intellectual capital was divided into human capital and structural capital as in the below diagram : The components of intellectual capital are defined as follows: ; Human Capital The stock of competences, knowledge and personality attributes embodied in the ability to perform labor so as to produce economic value. It is the attributes gained by a worker through education and experience . Many early economic theories refer to it simply as workforce, one of three factors of production, and consider it to be a fungible resource homogeneous and easily interchangeable.Other conceptions of labor dispense with these assumptions. ; Structural Capital: Knowledge means that remain in the organization when human capital is not taken into account. Is the knowledge that remains in the organization when people â€Å"go home†. The structural capital includes organizational capital and market capital. Unlike human capital, it may be subject to trade. ; Commercial Capital: It is the v alue resulting from the relations between the company and its customers. Organizational Capital: It includes the capacity of the organization under the form of hardware, software, databases, organizational structures, patents, trademarks and any other capacity of the organization that helps individuals sizing productivity by transmission and exchange of knowledge. ; Process Capital: It is represented by processes, activities and infrastructures used to create, exchange and transmission of knowledge that helps individuals sizing productivity of an organization. Innovative Capital This component of the intellectual capital reflects the ability of an organization and the current investments for business development: research and development, patents, trademarks. Between these components, the most important is represented by human capital. 4. Human Capital Basically, human capital is divided into educational capital (skills acquired by individuals in the training school, but outside it) and biological capital (physical abilities of individuals, summarized, usually by health condition).This type of capital caused difficulties because the experts did not know how to treat it: as an investment or cost. In general, it has been imposed the treatment of human capital as an investment because the abilities of human capital can be used practically any time, depending on the social and economic environment in which individuals can development (refresher courses or continuing education, for example) or maintain the capital stock (regular medical consultations, for example) . 5. Effects upon economyIn order to understand the effect the intellectual capital has upon economy let's take the example of an English relatively large company which was expected to raise some 2. Ban [pound sterling]. Although valued about six-times larger than Body Shop and significantly bigger than Dioxins (a British electrical retail giant), the company had no retail outlets, no factories, no physic al products and few staff. The business was altogether weightless. Its products could be reduced to a number of computer signals which could be flashed around the world for hundreds of millions of people to buy.It was a classic example of intellectual capital, an idea. Called Formula One, it was owned by Bernie Collections. The reason the idea was so valuable was that it regularly attracted about mm ABACI viewers worldwide. But intellectual capital is not only big ideas like Formula One. It is also millions of relatively small innovations which contribute to wealth and economic growth. Such capital will provide the future wealth of nations because international trade will increasingly be in intellectual capital.Alan Greenshank, chairman of the US Federal Reserve Board, recently pointed out that the weight of US output is now only little higher than it was a century ago but its value in real terms is 20 times higher. Although increased skills and a shift to service industries are par t of the story, much of the weightless portion of this trade can be defined as intellectual capital. Specialists sustain that future wealth creation and economic growth predominantly will depend on intellectual capital the generation of ideas which can be transformed into revenues..The element discussed is implicated in recent economic, managerial, technological, and sociological developments in a manner previously unknown and largely unforeseen. Whether these developments are viewed through the filter of the information society, the knowledge-based economy, the network society, or innovation, there is much to support the assertion that ICC is instrumental in the determination of enterprise value and national economic performance To suggest that prosperity no longer depends on building physical capital is not new.Indeed, much of the value of large knowledge-intensive corporations already stems from their patents – which are potential intellectual capital viewed as economic go ods. The importance of intellectual capital has been ender-emphasizes in business education. Once the necessary clarifications on the notion of intellectual capital have been made , it is necessary to emphasize the connection between it and the strategy of the organization. An important note is that the availability of some resources is vital to achieving the strategic goals of the organization.Briefly economists sustain that the strategy defines what kind of intellectual capital is required and the nature of intellectual capital defines successful directions of the strategy that the organization should take. Moreover it has to be mentioned that the advantage. This is why when it is released a strategy, it is important to know what valuable resources of intellectual capital are available, which are currently used, which are potential uses . 6.Uses of intellectual capital Intellectual capital is used: -to facilitate the formulation of strategy; -to assess strategy execution; -to assi st in formulating decisions for diversification or expansion of the company; -to be used as the basis for compensation; -to be communicated to external shareholders In conclusion properly managed, intellectual assets can reduce costs, place inventories with information, eliminate the need for expensive physical plant and improve corporate agility.